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American elm tree showing typical flagging and dieback symptoms due to Dutch elm disease.

Cheryl Kaiser, University of Kentucky, Bugwood.org

American elm tree showing typical flagging and dieback symptoms due to Dutch elm disease.

Early crown symptoms of Dutch elm disease,

Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Early crown symptoms of Dutch elm disease,

Crown symptoms of Dutch elm disease, illustrating wilt, chlorosis, and branch flagging.

Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Crown symptoms of Dutch elm disease, illustrating wilt, chlorosis, and branch flagging.

Crown symptoms

Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Crown symptoms

Dutch elm disease (<em>Ophiostoma ulmi</em>) symptoms.  The disease is likely spreading down the tree line through root grafts between trees.

USDA Forest Service - Northeastern Area , USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi) symptoms.  The disease is likely spreading down the tree line through root grafts between trees.

American Elm twigs with streaking due to Dutch Elm Disease.

George Hudler, Cornell University, Bugwood.org

American Elm twigs with streaking due to Dutch Elm Disease.

Vascular staining in the wood of an affected branch; 1996

Petr Kapitola, Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture, Bugwood.org

Vascular staining in the wood of an affected branch; 1996

With bark peeled showing cambuim streaking

R. Scott Cameron, Advanced Forest Protection, Inc., Bugwood.org

With bark peeled showing cambuim streaking

Characteristic asexual stage or

Paul Bachi, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Bugwood.org

Characteristic asexual stage or "synnemata", conidiophores with clusters of colorless conidia at the top.

Portion of elm wood afflicted with Dutch elm disease showing galleries created by the European elm bark beetle, which vectors the disease.

William M. Brown Jr., Bugwood.org

Portion of elm wood afflicted with Dutch elm disease showing galleries created by the European elm bark beetle, which vectors the disease.

Coremia (spore-bearing bodies) of Ophiostoma ulmi in a Scolytus multistriatus gallery

Joseph OBrien, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Coremia (spore-bearing bodies) of Ophiostoma ulmi in a Scolytus multistriatus gallery

Dutch elm disease (<em>Ophiostoma ulmi</em>) asexual spores atop synnema.

Tamla Blunt, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org

Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi) asexual spores atop synnema.

Synnemata of Graphium stage of Dutch elm disease fungus.

Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org

Synnemata of Graphium stage of Dutch elm disease fungus.

Conidial head of synnema showing conidial production

Bruce Watt, University of Maine, Bugwood.org

Conidial head of synnema showing conidial production

Incubation of symptomatic pieces of elm branches, surface sterilized and placed in an incubation chamber.

Paul Bachi, University of Kentucky Research and Education Center, Bugwood.org

Incubation of symptomatic pieces of elm branches, surface sterilized and placed in an incubation chamber.

Dutch elm disease fungus (described here as <em>Ceratocystis ulmi</em>) growing in a petri dish in the laboratory.

Lester E. Dickens, Bugwood.org

Dutch elm disease fungus (described here as Ceratocystis ulmi) growing in a petri dish in the laboratory.

American elm tree showing typical flagging and dieback symptoms due to Dutch elm disease.

American elm tree showing typical flagging and dieback symptoms due to Dutch elm disease.

Early crown symptoms of Dutch elm disease,

Early crown symptoms of Dutch elm disease,

Crown symptoms of Dutch elm disease, illustrating wilt, chlorosis, and branch flagging.

Crown symptoms of Dutch elm disease, illustrating wilt, chlorosis, and branch flagging.

Crown symptoms

Crown symptoms

Dutch elm disease (<em>Ophiostoma ulmi</em>) symptoms.  The disease is likely spreading down the tree line through root grafts between trees.

Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi) symptoms.  The disease is likely spreading down the tree line through root grafts between trees.

American Elm twigs with streaking due to Dutch Elm Disease.

American Elm twigs with streaking due to Dutch Elm Disease.

Vascular staining in the wood of an affected branch; 1996

Vascular staining in the wood of an affected branch; 1996

With bark peeled showing cambuim streaking

With bark peeled showing cambuim streaking

Characteristic asexual stage or

Characteristic asexual stage or "synnemata", conidiophores with clusters of colorless conidia at the top.

Portion of elm wood afflicted with Dutch elm disease showing galleries created by the European elm bark beetle, which vectors the disease.

Portion of elm wood afflicted with Dutch elm disease showing galleries created by the European elm bark beetle, which vectors the disease.

Coremia (spore-bearing bodies) of Ophiostoma ulmi in a Scolytus multistriatus gallery

Coremia (spore-bearing bodies) of Ophiostoma ulmi in a Scolytus multistriatus gallery

Dutch elm disease (<em>Ophiostoma ulmi</em>) asexual spores atop synnema.

Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi) asexual spores atop synnema.

Synnemata of Graphium stage of Dutch elm disease fungus.

Synnemata of Graphium stage of Dutch elm disease fungus.

Conidial head of synnema showing conidial production

Conidial head of synnema showing conidial production

Incubation of symptomatic pieces of elm branches, surface sterilized and placed in an incubation chamber.

Incubation of symptomatic pieces of elm branches, surface sterilized and placed in an incubation chamber.

Dutch elm disease fungus (described here as <em>Ceratocystis ulmi</em>) growing in a petri dish in the laboratory.

Dutch elm disease fungus (described here as Ceratocystis ulmi) growing in a petri dish in the laboratory.