New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) (J. E. Gray, 1853) Origin Native to New Zealand and its surrounding islands, and it is now naturalized in Australia and Europe. Life Cycle Ovoviviparous and parthenogenic (i.e., needs no fertilization), P. antipodarum is highly adaptable aquatic snails that can tolerate a broad range of aquatic conditions. A single female may produce an average of 230 offspring a year. Distribution P. antipodarum is established in all western states in the US along with the Great Lakes of Lake Ontario, Lake Erie, Lake Michigan, and Lake Superior. Control Efforts Public education and outreach is the best form of prevention for P. antipodarum. Boaters and anglers should clean gear and equipment after use. https://www.fws.gov/columbiariver/ans/factsheets/mudsnail.pdf https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=1008